I'm not familiar with the 2.5... So I can't comment on replacing parts.
It looks like the throw out bearing disintegrated and a piece of it is what got caught: one of the balls in the bell housing, perhaps.
I know that I have used jb weld on oil pans in the past without issue, but I would be concerned using it in your situation... If it fails and starts leaking again, there would be no way to easily remedy it: you'd have to once again pull the transmission...
It's possible it could be welded, but it may damage things on the reverse side in the process.
I hope someone with specific knowledge of your engine is able to provide better insight.