As it turns out, the issue that I have with my Golf is that the injection pump has leaky seals. I went to change them per the directions from Diesel Geeks and Youtube, and ran into a bit of an issues. When I went to manually advance the engine, the timing belt slipped an unknown number of teeth because the belt had too much slack in it (on the top, it has free play of about 3/4"). Not good. But... I'm trying to keep an optimistic. At least this didn't happen under power and produce a catastrophic failure.
While I'm willing to take on a couple of seals in a readily accessible pump, I don't have the tools or patience at this time in my life to tackle the timing belt. So it will be sitting a while. On the plus side, I did get the two top seals replaced. After I primed the injector pump, I noticed that I need to get the solenoid seal done as well.
Live and learn I guess.
Merk comes highly recommended, but is a bit away from me, so I'll be searching for a closer shop to fix this whole mess.
Clearly Einsteins theory of relativity works in the "good" and "bad" category too
