You aren't going to find an engine from any manufacturer that did not pass that manufacturer's durability-testing - and that includes some torture testing that most owners would never do to their own cars.
The VW EA888 turbo gas engines in all the current (e.g. Golf Mk7) models were designed to be turbocharged from the outset.
If you go back in time to the origins of VW's four-cylinder gasoline and diesel engines ... the gas and diesel engines used the same block castings. This was not a failure, because those were designed to be strong enough to be diesel engines from the outset. The VW "2.slow" gas engine is well known to be durable ... when the assembly plant didn't screw up by installing piston rings upside down. (some of them had a reputation for being oil-burners because of this)
It's rare nowadays for internal major mechanical failures to happen "on their own" and not be because of things like: owners neglecting oil changes, owners never checking the oil level, owners neglecting the oil-pressure warning and continuing to drive until the engine stops with a rod out the side of the block, missed shift / over-revving (the rev limiter will be of no help if the owner selects 2nd gear at highway speed and the manual transmission back-drives the engine at that speed), neglecting to change the timing belt (where fitted), etc.
Of course, engineering and manufacturing screw-ups can and do happen - but these are rarely dependent on whether the engine is a gasoline or diesel engine. A modern diesel engine with compliant emission controls has a lot more stuff going on around the engine, each with their own potential failure points ...
Many, many cars go to the scrap heap these days with fully functional engines in them. In my part of the world, it's usually rusted out underneath. Actually a lot of the time the basics of the car are still OK, but the broken air conditioning, worn out brakes, worn out tires, inoperative power window, dull paint etc on a 15 year old car add up to a repair cost that is more than the car is worth and no one wants to buy the car with those things wrong with it, so off to the junk pile it goes ... still driveabile and functional, but worthless.