A quick bit of Googling seems to indicate that (in the US) each state has quality requirements for motor fuels and they mostly point at the ASTM standards. Solazyme is justified to brag that Soladiesel has been certified to meet ASTM D975, it is not in my opinion the sort hucksterism Mr. GutWrench describes.
I was in SF last week and tried to meet with someone, anyone at Solazyme to talk about their "work" with VW and the product in general, and got the firm but polite brush-off from Stephanie. She is definitely in the PR department but moderately knowledgable for a non-tech person. Visitors are not allowed 'for security reasons', even those willing to surrender wireless devices and sign nondisclosure agreements. Fundamentally, you'd have to have a friend in the plant to get in, but if you had that friend you'd probably be able to get up to speed without a plant visit anyway.
I did glean some insight from our conversation. Remember Stephanie is in PR and therefore is trained to say almost nothing in as cheerful and enthusiastic manner as is possible. If you keep the conversation going and circle back to the same question a few times, some actual content mat escape.
One is that big time production is a long way off - in time and space. The pilot plant in CA is not designed to produce quantity, and the proof-of-concept plant in Peoria, IL produces 2,000,000 liters/year, about 60% of what my local biodiesel outfit produces from collected restaurant oil.
The big production is to be developed jointly with Bunge, in Brazil. I guess I should not be surprised, its way cheaper to build and operate the plant there because the labor is cheaper and the analogs of OSHA and EPA down there are not as powerful. Its a bummer that a big plant will not be in the US both for reasons of jobs and the pump cost of the product.
As far as the VW participation goes, she confirmed they are basically running several vehicles on Soladiesel for tests of long-term effects. We knew that. She was cagey about whether any of this work meant VW would approve the fuel. No surprise there either. I doubt we'd get anything meaningful from VW either at this stage.