Overfilling will put more pressure on the oil control rings. The more oil that gets past them, the more oil will blow out the exhaust and foul the catalytic converter. If the converter is deleted, then you just foul the exhaust while destroying the rings.
After that, probably the most damage that will be done is what has already been mentioned. More losses due to windage (oil churned by the crank and pistons), and possible seal blowouts if the overfill is severe and there is increased pressure due to the blowby that can't get out because too much oil is in the way.
All of these things are, of course, a spectrum of damage that will be realized in an amount proportional to the amount of excess oil induced. I doubt there would be much trouble if the overage is on a level where you are looking and wondering if that level you see on the dip stick is really an overfill with which you should be concerned.
In simpler terms, if it looks like enough that you should (or even could) suck out the excess, then do it. If it doesn't look like enough excess to go through the trouble of getting your oil sucker ball out, then don't worry, be happy.
Cheers,
PH