Well, actually there is a standard. It's BQ-9000, and what we should be using in B2-5 blends. This distinguishes BD from simple WVO (waste vegetable oil), which we're not supposed to run in our pee-squirter TDIs.
My understanding is the problems associated with BD have mainly come from its solvency. BD is typically created by cutting vegetable (soy) oil with methanol. The latter is an excellent solvent. So much so the seals in some older diesels seem to have issues with even the lowest BD blends. Fortunately, our new TDIs appear to have been designed with use of modest blends in mind.
However, our ULSD has had much of it's lubricity (formerly provided by impurities like sulfer) cooked out of it. In fact, refiners/wholesaler are actually required now to boost lubricity to a minimum standard. Problem is they pushed this standard to be lower than the OE (bosch) specs met in europe & canada. And then there's the question of whether they're complying with this standard...
On the up side, BD blends of at least B2 exceed the bosch lubricity specs. Per the study at the below link, this is ultimately the best 'additive' one can provide in terms of lubricity. I believe B2-5 is also the only thing besides ULSD that VWoA sanctions for use in the V6TDI.
http://www.johnfjensen.com/Diesel_fuel_additive_test.pdf
Hope this helps--Chris