Just to be sure, you ran the fuel pump to get fuel into the filter, then tried starting with the glow plugs (gp's) removed? Was the fuel filter housing empty before you started? That indicates a leaking tandem pump or lines between the filter housing and the tandem pump, or the tandem pump itself.
I have a one man shop, so there are some things that I do to beat around that problem. Rather than run voltage to the tank pump (beware, if you put the hot lead on the negative terminal, I think it will run backwards. You will never get fuel to the filter...), I remove the hot lead from the battery and then turn the key to the 'RUN' position. Now, each time I touch the battery cable to the hot post, the vehicle will act as if I just turned the key on. The tank pump should run for about 3 seconds. You should be able to hear the pump operating. Usually, in about 4-5 cycles, with the fuel filter cover off, you will see the fuel rise in the can. Pay attention to the fuel filter, as if it is empty when you remove the cover, that is an indication of fuel lines or tandem pump have an air leak. With the fuel filter housing full, that is good enough to get the vehicle to prime. Reattach fuel filter cover and try priming injectors again, with gp's removed. If you don't see fuel relatively soon, you may have an injector wiring issue.
To finish priming injectors, reattach the battery cable and with the gp's removed, the engine should be able to run at about 450 rpm. Usually, in 2-3 runs of 30 seconds, there will be mist coming out of the gp holes. If there is no action, check the injector harness. A bad ground for the injector harness will defeat every injector. The tandem pump, if leaking, will drain the fuel from the filter, siphoning back to the tank. The tandem pump is a simple device and there are repair seals available, although sometimes it's the tandem pump gasket between the head and pump itself.
IF you can get it primed and hours later, you are without fuel again, try re-priming the injectors as before. When shutting down second time, clamp off the two lines going back to the tank. If hours later, it will restart quickly and easily, it's more than likely the tandem pump is siphoning fuel back to the tank.
Good luck!