Air will in fact damage a TDI injection pump. Air cannot lubricate the low stage pump which draws fuel into and compresses it for the high stage plunger. This is also the pump that circulates all the fuel around the fuel system...
Always fill the filter before attempting a start!
How to get the car running:
-Fill the fuel filter
-Get a miti-vac
-Remove the return line OFF the injection pump (rubber hose/clamp)
-Plug the rubber hose (philips screw driver)
-Using the Miti-Vac, suction the pump outlet untill fuel (no air) comes out (takes a few minutes)
-Re-install the fuel line
-Get a 17mm box end wrench
-Loosen (don't remove) ONLY the #3 (big injector) fitting at the injector itself, once loose a 1/4 turn from tight is all you need.
-Place rag over the fuel line
Get a second person for the following:
-DO NOT touch the gas pedal for any of the following sequences!!!
-Crank motor until fuel squirts upward from the loose fitting (3-4 seconds of cranking)
-WHILE THE ENGINE IS CRANKING, retighten the fitting
*AND*
-KEEP CRANKING until the engine runs "smooothly" on it's own at steady and stable idle rpms (5-10 seconds maximum).
-If the engine does not run on it's own (without starter assist) in 15 seconds repeat the purge procedure.
-It could take a minute for the engine to purge the rest of the air from the system so be patient once it's running.
-Don't do this again
DB