I think a few things have been overlooked, several are particularly considering it's a bio-diesel car...
Let's start with timing. If the timing is right, it should start within just a few compression strokes. If a timing belt job has been done and no VAG-COM was used, chances are the timing is not right. Git'er done... since you don't have the equipment, check here...
http://anglo-hexon.net:88//beowulf9/tdi/vagcom/vagcom.asp
A compression test wouldn't be untoward.
When first using bio in high concentrations, it 'cleans out' the tank. All that stuff has to go somewhere, so any bottleneck in the system will accumulate that gunk.
There are two one-way valves in the fuel guage cannister in the tank. The cannister is under a access plate in beneath the rear seat. The "in" valve is supposed to only let fuel back into the tank. The "out" valve only lets it toward the filter. You can test each line, without removing the cannister to see that they are working properly. Probably the easiest place to test from is at the lines from the tank at the fuel filter. It would not be unlikely that your "out" line is requiring too much suction and the quick-release seals are letting air into the system. There are two sets on the quick release couplings; one right next to the in-tank cannister and the others are at the firewall.
Another problem can be in the injector pump. The bio-D does make the seals leak. If you see any leakage on the pump, a seal kit will repair that. The pump seal installation is a bit tricky. Get help.
Also, there is a special plug bolt on the front and top of the pump. It is the cover screw for the orfice that maintains the pressure in the pump. That can cause hard starting.
To fix that issue, first clean the bolt head and blow all the crud off. Remove the plug and washer. Inside is a steel pin. It should be flat in the housing that holds it. If it isn't, push it back down. That's all there is to it. Reinstall the plug.
That covers a few likely options for your issue.