1) see below, siphoning is easiest if the "from" tank is raised up. Just make sure the hose you use can handle gasoline.
2) not likely, but don't do it again.
3) see below.
Siphon out all the gas. This will be easier if you pull the lift pump / sending unit from under the panel in the cargo area / trunk.
Fill the tank 1/2 way with fresh diesel.
Pull the fuel filter and discard.
Put the supply line coming from the tank into a clear container and cycle the ignition key to "run" in order to run the lift pump several times, until the fuel coming from the line smells like diesel and not gas. Helps here if your local station's diesel has the slight yellow/green dye so that you can identify by colour.
Install a new fuel filter, fill the filter with new diesel through the thermostatic T hole.
Pull the line from the filter to the tandem pump and put it into a clear container - cycle key again until you get a stream of diesel with no bubbles.
Reinstall the line back onto the tandem pump and crank the car in 15 second increments until it starts. Allow 3-4 minutes between attempts so that the starter can cool down.
This is what I would do if it were mine.