With all the other options that have already been tested, have you tested the alternator to make sure that it's behaving, and that you don't have a failed diode in the rectifier bridge?
It wasn't on my VW, but I've had a failed bridge cause poor charging and rapid drain of the battery.
If you have access to an oscilloscope, you can look at the power at the battery and see if a diode has failed fairly easily.
It should look like a nearly flat line, with a series of evenly spaced ripples.
If a diode has failed, you will see the ripples, and then a sharp valley before seeing more ripples.
You can also test the alternator off the car, or potentially with a charging system tester, but I don't know how detailed the test is on the "in car testing" ones.