OEM solution is the Helix soundbox system which adds a pair of 6 (or 6.5) inch subs under the hatch floor (in the upper position) while retaining the spare.
Instructions for keeping the spare here:
https://www.golfmk7.com/forums/showthread.php?t=31070
Not sure if it's okay to link but want to give proper credit, I'll remove it the link right away if requested.
The Helix also gives you amplification for your speakers with DSP programmed specifically for the car (with a dongle which can be rented or done at the dealership, likely at an arbitrary price of their choosing). Whole thing is OEM, plug and play. Will run you about $500 if you install it yourself. People report it only takes a couple hours, videos available on YouTube.
There are other solutions if you're okay with building your own box, know someone who can or don't mind paying a bit of money. These options are a bit more expensive but can give you more (and deeper) bass. I don't know what you're looking for but the stock system rolls off below 40hz (to protect the stock speakers). The Helix doesn't change this, hence the small subs, but putting them in a box, feeding them decent power and only tasking them with bass duty let's them do a pretty decent job.
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