In the settlement documents, there are descriptions of what VW's currently proposed fixes are, spelled out for each generation. None of these proposed fixes have been approved by EPA or CARB. The proposed fixes for generation 3 (EA288) are, surprisingly, more intensive than for the other two generations - but the other two generations are based on EPA/CARB accepting a higher emissions level than the standards allow, which is likely a non-starter.
Apparently part of the problem involves that the system is unable to detect whether you filled the DEF tank with DEF, or with something else (like water) ...
I wouldn't count on VW TDI vehicles becoming available in the North American market again, with the possible exception of high-end models where they can absorb the price premium - and they'll drink DEF like there's no tomorrow.