I think it’s your crankshaft position sensor, not camshaft position. (Two different sensors)
Googling the trouble codes, the last two seem to relate to engine speed.
It can run without a camshaft position sensor, but would take longer to start because the computer needs more cranks to figure out what the engine is doing.
The crankshaft position sensor however, is not optional. It won’t run without that. There have been many posts about the wiring going bad on those. Also people say to only use an OEM sensor from VW. Apparently aftermarket ones sometimes don’t work.
The crank sensor is located on the engine block, close to the transmission, and lower down, sort of in the vicinity of the starter motor. The connector for it is up near the one for the camshaft position sensor. The two plugs are kind of up behind the round vacuum reservoir. You should be able to follow the wire down to the crank sensor.
It would be great if you could find a damaged wire that was easy to fix. I bet it’s more likely the wiring rather than the sensor, but if you can’t find any obvious damage then you might have to replace the sensor. There could even be damaged wiring up-stream of the connector where it plugs in.
With the car running, you could try wiggling the wire in various locations and see if it makes the engine stop. Good luck. Hope you find something!