#2, #3, #5, #6 (and sorry for your misfortune having TB break)
Next step needs to be... pull the head off and send it out for renovation. Curious to know what the odometer reads, but unfortunately that doesn't affect the recommendation. My most recent "TDI friend" I have gotten to know... was introduced partially because he's getting his TDI back together for the 2nd time... after the timing belt broke and a mechanic put it back together without having the head renovated... it ran for almost exactly 1,000 miles before one of the cam followers came apart.
Good news for you is... (from what I have read on here, I'm not a guru...) majority of the time when TB breaks, the bottom end of the engine is OK. You still need to check piston protrusion as recommended above. But... if something mechanical in the head comes apart while running (such as what is highly likely to occur if you don't have your head re-done at this point...)... then there is significant risk of encountering a different kind of failure, wherein piece(s) of mechanical debris get into one of the cylinders when it fails... and the likelihood is greater for chewed up cylinder wall & piston, and bent rod.