sure, you can do this, but you will only extract a fraction of the potential benefit of using DP. If you just prime the filter and drive off, a tiny bit the pure DP will go through your injectors and then back to the fuel tank to be quickly diluted with the tank contents.
For maximum benefit, you need to temporarily replace the fuel tank with the can of DP. then all of the fuel that is recirculated will remain pure DP and you will cycle this through the injectors over and over again. This provides the most cleaning action.
I can't think of any reason why one diesel fuel (or additive) would prime better than another.