A headgasket breach can be between the:
1) oil gallery and water gallery: probably no noticeable extra coolant pressure, but oil in coolant since oil pressure > water pressure
2) compression chamber and oil gallery: soot in oil... dunno how you'd know
3) compression chamber and water gallery: extra coolant pressure and soot from combustion into coolant.
(or a combination of the above)
Sounds to me like you've got what's behind Door #3.
And, a small breach probably won't show up on a static compression test, since often a small breach is only apparent when the engine is hot, under load, and the head is trying to lift.