HI,
Interesting thread .... I'll definitely keep my eye on it since I have always wondered why so many bolts on the VW are one time use.... not that I'm complaining because so far my VW has been my by best car so far so I won't deny it new bolts if needed or recommended...
I personally never seen bolts like the first pictures in person but if I do will know now why they are funny looking.
I have followed instructions as far as strange tightening patterns (like front axle nuts .... torque in stages / back up, back off, tighten again to a certain amount then an extra 60 degrees ....wow ...
Maybe sometimes the instructions are not so much to torque things to yield BUT rather make sure things are seated properly and maybe once you reach a certain torque things get inaccurate so that is why you have funny things like torque to 100 ft lbs then an additional 1/2 turn ? (it would seemingly be better to say torque to 135 ft lbs and be done with it than to say torque to 100 ft lbs then rotate "x" degrees more ??).
I have some old chilton / haynes manuals and many of those books have standard values to torque the various bolt sizes to (even charts breaking it down to different grade bolts (of course you have to be careful if tightening a steel bolt into something like aluminum since the aluminum may strip w/ too much tightening).
Anyways, maybe if you tighten to the numbers in the charts, then the bolts won't stretch and can be reused but if you go more then you may have stretched them too much and hence need to replace them? (i.e.If the bolt stays in its "elastic" range it can recover and be reused again BUT if you go too far (to the "yield" point) then you HAVE to replace it since it won;t "shrink" back ?
one disadvantage I see with just tightening things once is that tightening a new fastener once and forgetting about it can result in things falling apart ....
Once I had new wheel studs put on my trailer ( I don't remember the exact reason why but I had all 5 replaced). Anyways, the shop tightened up the wheels using torque wrench and I was on my way .... problem was when I arrived at my destination, I was 1 wheel assembly short !!
The wheel flew off sometime in the dark .... I did learn later that you tighten new studs to spec then retighten after 20 or so miles .... THEN if really paranoid check them again after 30 or more miles etc.... ( I was so paranoid after losing a wheel I checked it at 50 mile increments for 200 miles ... interestingly the first few times I had to tighten more .... I guess they needed to be torqued more but not to yield ....
Anyways, because of that incident, I would almost like to torque to yield most times BUT for things like wheel studs that would be too much of a hassle so I guess you just have to cycle them enough times until they don't keep stretching....
In a sense old bolts (provided they have not been torqued to yield) and are in good physical shape (good threads, not a lot of rust, heads not rounded off etc) are the best BUT I guess can lose strength if fatigued...
Overall I try to follow "the book" .... strange tightening procedures and all including buying new bolts if need be because I prefer to do a job once and not worry about it ....
speaking of which I just installed a RSB and the instructions call for checking tightness after 100 KM but not more than 200KM ... I guess I'll just cruise around for 125 KM and recheck them during the daylight ( I drive at night typically and would hate to have to do things in the cold of night somewhere)....sigh
Good thread!