You got the standard response from CC. I'll bet if you were the original owner, they might have helped.
I'd at minimum send an email to VW indicating that you are not pleased with the response and state why you believe the HPFP is simply not of adequate design to handle retail US fuel. There are many facts buried through out the HPFP threads that can make a compelling argument including stuff from Bosch, VW, Delphi and so forth. If you are persistent, VW may be willing to help out.
One issue is that you did buy a used car out of warranty. Unless there was fraud, it's caveat empitor.
If you go forward with the repair at the dealer, I could see this ultimately involving replacing more parts like the injectors, other pumps and so forth. Is there a TDI guru near Browns Summit that you can take your car to or maybe DIY? Here's a list of prices from late 2011 for a complete fuel system replacement and here's a link to the
Boraparts parts kit. From your descriptions it looks like the dealer is replacing 3 parts:
High Pressure Fuel pump - 03L130755A - $1215
Fuel Distributor - 03L130389 - $390
Fuel Pressure Regulator 057130764H - $480 (not usually shown as being replaced) on-line price $351